I live in Japan (as if you didn't know) and have some experiences that may and may not be relevant.
First thing I want to note is - in this long thread there are
two themes going on at times.
1. Medicine
2. Doctor health care.
To me: National health plans tend to favor Medicine, But Personal health plans tend favor the Treatment Experience.
One major disadvantage of current medical state in the US: Medicine costs.
This medicinal cost in the US should NOT be equated with Health care as in Doctor care. There is an advantage to cheaper but quality medicines under socialized medicines, but there are distinct disadvantages to the (socialized) medical (doctor) care.
First of all, I am not on Japan's national health insurance plan. I pay and get re-imbursed. Doctors here will basically treat me better than many nationals (Japanese) get treated. I get far more choice than nationals because I pay. Japanese that "pay" get the choice also. Those that use the full national plan do not get as much choice. From my experience in talking with middle and lower middle class Japanese, these people do NOT get to challenge the doctor on an issue, ask for a second opinion or get a choice in doctors.
Major disadvantage of Socialized Medical service (in Japan):
Many many dental plans here do not cover (or the dentists do not provide) for pain killers for tooth fillings - and often even during root canals. If the complaints are too much the doctors will stop and leave the hole unfilled. I have personally seen this happen - which in the US would have resulted in a law suit for sure. You don't challenge a doctor here. In talking with Internationals from socialized medicine countries (Germany, France, specifically) the same is basically true there also.
Two of my co-workers broke their arms and had to have metal screws and braces holding the bones in place during healing. Adjustments and removal of said screws were done without pain killing medicines of any kind. This was their doctor's way. Tears and LOUD moans are common! You don't challenge the doctor's choice! (But My wife and I do,
or we go to another doctor, which most nationals can't!)
Numerous newspaper articles over the years report how "Doctor choice" and "hospital choice" is much better for the patient than the national plan provides. If your local hospital is famous for internal medicine and you need heart surgery, you will be treated by internal medicine 9 times out of 10. It the hospital is famous for its heart surgery staff and you need a medicinal treatments for your heart, you will probably get surgery.
I can't tell you the number of times per year that we read of a person dying as they are picked up by an ambulance and refused by hospital after hospital here. This happens in the US on occasion, but the outrage is enough that changes come about. But the outrage by people here does not change the system.
Under national health plans, law suits are all but gone when the doctor doesn't use pain killers, does the wrong thing, or refuses to take you in emergencies. There are lots of "outs" for not treating even in emergency situations. On paper and in national laws, these exclusions don't exist, but in reality, they do. Suing for malpractice is very difficult under national health plans because the system is built to protect the plan - and doctors are part of the plan.
Here, if you pay, you get choice. If you don't pay, the results is often worse than not going at all - becoming a crapshoot at best, as we used to say in the south.
My opinion:
For Medicines - it is MUCH cheaper outside the US.
For medical Treatment, if affordable, the overall Experience is MUCH better in the US - as it is now.
Socialized medicine here almost killed my wife 14 years ago even though we were paying. We had to fly back to the States (Emory Medical, Atlanta) for emergency surgery when LOML was well enough to be moved by wheel chair to the plane. One young doctor at the hospital here - who graduated from a respected California medical school - told us the system does not favor the individual but the promotion and protection of the health system. Go to the US for the correct medical care he told us.
Socialized dental here had the dentist remove a filling (that he thought the tooth was abscessed) in my 6 year old daughter without medicine. Then the dentist said he was mistaken, it was not abscessed. Since she would loose the tooth when she became 9 or 10, so there was no need to put a filling back in. We traveled to a US dentist in Tokyo (from Osaka) for correction. For me, I could stand the pain, but not for my family.